METAPHORS ANALYSIS IN BRING ME THE HORIZON ’ S “ AMO ” ALBUM SELECTED SONG LYRICS

The aims of this research is to know the types of metaphors found in Bring Me The Horizon’s “Amo” album selected song’s lyrics and what is the intended meaning of the song’s lyrics. There are two research questions. They are: 1) what types of metaphors are found in Bring Me the Horizon’s selected song lyrics? 2) What is the intended meaning of the song’s lyrics? The reason behind this research was conduct is to get more knowledge about figurative language especially metaphor and how it works in the literary world. This research uses descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the lyrics. The result of this research shows six types of metaphors by Newmark. Those are dead, cliché, stock, recent, original metaphor and simile. Two out of their three songs of Bring Me the Horizon, that is Medicine and In the Dark use dead metaphor and simile the most. It is then concluded that the intended meanings of their three songs is to tell other people who ever felt belittled, have social issues or being looked down to keep going and not affected by those hurtful words. In other words, Bring Me the Horizon uses the function of figurative language especially metaphor to express their message and applied them into their works.


INTRODUCTION
Figurative language is a figure of speech as a way of saying something other than their literal meaning of the words. Waluyo (1987: 83)  Metaphor is a part of figurative language using an analogy or close comparison between two things that are not normally treated as if it had anything in common. Metaphor is common means of extending the uses and references of words. Arvius (2003:90) has said that metaphors are common in language use, and ordinarily it does not seem to require any particular effort to construct and understand them.
According to Newmark (1988) he divided metaphor into six types of metaphors. Newmark (1988) classified six kinds of metaphors: As dead, cliché, stock, recent, E-Link Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) p-ISSN: 2085-1383e-ISSN: 2621-4156 original metaphor and simile. The first three, he considers as dead and the last two as live metaphors.

Dead Metaphor
It is the metaphor that loses its figurative and connotative meanings and is used like ordinary words; the image cannot be recognized by the speaker or listener.
This category includes "Concepts of space and time, the main parts of the body, general ecological features and the main human activities" (Tajali, 2003: 108). Dead metaphor has three kinds. The first group is those which have a little metaphorical imagery. For instance, the word 'reflect' has a referential meaning of 'shining' and also, has a secondary meaning of 'superiority'.
The second group is metonymies which come instead of objects and things, like, 'crown, worm, and fork'. This group is more used in technical texts. The third group is non-technical words like 'mouth and foot' used metaphorically when combined with other words. The example of metaphor are: The arm of the chair, an arm of the heat and a matter of life and death.

Cliché Metaphor
Like dead metaphor, this kind of metaphor is overused so much that cannot convey any figurative meaning and "is used as a substitute for clear thought, often emotively, but without corresponding to the facts of the matter" (Newmark, 1988: 107).
It is said that contrary to dead and stock metaphors, cliché metaphors have an indication that tell the reader the word or expression is not an ordinary one. The example of cliché metaphor: Explore all avenues, stick out a smile and a transparent lie.

Stock Metaphor
This is the one which deals with cultural elements and is conventional in each language. Newmark (1988: 108) said "A stock metaphor has certain emotional warmth-and which is not deadened by overuse". The example of stock metaphor are: Her life hangs on a thread, laugh in E- Link Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) p-ISSN: 2085-1383e-ISSN: 2621-4156 someone face, and she sees fear in my heart.

Recent Metaphor
This is a live metaphor, produced by coining or as Newmark (1988: 111) called "they are neologisms fashionable in the source language community". This kind is specific to each language and includes more colloquial and informal words. The example of this metaphor is: Park your carcass.

Original Metaphor
It is another kind of live metaphor arising from writer or speaker's personal and creative thoughts and ideologies, so it is not fixed in the language and is more new and fresh. Examples of this metaphor: I am close to the wet loneliness of grass and I hear the sound of gardens breathing.

Simile
The word simile is derived from

Meaning
Communication is a way of more than one people interact. In order to get a communication people uses two ways; verbal and non-verbal. As verbal, we use our mouth to speak or talking to each other.
Those followed as two ways of deliver our intention or mean. Every word has its own meaning and those also known as denotative and connotative meaning.
Denotative is when people use the literal meaning, or straight from the original dictionary. It is uses to deliver their message in direct or literal way as possible. Connotative meaning is created by the idea that has been connected to a certain meaning or emotional suggestions, which is related to that word (Parera, 2004 :132). He also stated that denotative meanings and connotative meanings exist together and they are not easy to separate. It is on how the readers interpret the word and look for the meaning. In the end, it is all about perspective.
On the contrary, people always use denotative meaning when they really need to make others understand about what they really mean. It is because denotative language is way simpler to be told and easier to be understood. Parera (2004:97) explained that denotative language is an E- Link Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) p-ISSN: 2085-1383e-ISSN: 2621-4156 origin and a natural meaning which always comes out first and based on the context. Parera then also makes it clear that both denotative and connotative language will give certain emotion, character, and value.
Those concluded, that denotative meaning is often to be found or written in a dictionary since readers needs to know about particular real or the intended meanings of some words. However, sometimes connotative meanings are also found and written in a dictionary.

Song is part of literary works.
Song is the combination of melody, harmony and rhythm. According to Hornby

RESEARCH METHOD
The writer uses research method to presents the methodology to analyze data.
Therefore, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method in order to describe the data and also to get an accurate and factual result.
As already stated that this research uses descriptive qualitative method because the sources of this study are from written words which already being observed to detail in order to understand the meaning After take a closer look it will change the entire song differently.
While take a look at the words that recognized as metaphor, it is safe to say that the author of the song, Oliver Sykes The second one is dead metaphor.
In the lyrics of "In The Dark" there are two words that classified as dead metaphor.
Those are black hole and bright. As already knew that black hole is an outer space region with no particles or even the slightest light, or in other words; dead end.
While bright here has a meaning as something positive. It could be a person or emotion.
The last one is recent metaphor which could be found in the lines: "It's not his world you turned inside out" and "Guess my fairytale has a few plot holes".
Given those two sentences it can be seen that the choice of words is a little bit cliché.
It is not an ordinary way to put words like that. We can take a look on the word fairytale for an example. It is know as such an amazing place with full of fantasies but in real life there is no such a place. So the concept of metaphor is showed with the following words after it. The word plot holes here means that the person who is previously living his life as in fairytale, is no longer anymore.

Intended Meaning in the Dark Song
Just like the previous song which the listeners or readers need to focus on the title, it is the same of this song. The title of this song "In the Dark" literally meaning is represents when the day gets dark after the sun went out, or when the light in a room being switched off then we see nothing than just a dark room. That is what many understand about the term "In the Dark" before focuses on the figurative meaning that will surely change the entire song meaning. Therefore the analysis of metaphor is uses for further explanation. which has the same meaning as there is no such secret that could we bring until we die.
Therefore he creates the lyric as "In the Dark", which we all can see in the chorus of the song:

[Chorus]
So don't swear to God, He never asked you  The word "Rock" here means as a noun or an object. While take a closer look, it is also has some different meaning for example it could be identified as verb. Take a look in our daily life. As a human being people surely have listened to rock music at least once. It is for sure different with every person to experience this strange feeling or to have such a connection. But it can be concluded that at some point, certain people will felt such a strong connection. When one listened to such songs he would feel some kind of strong urge to do something beyond our behavior or being motivated. It is also the same concept with the word "rock" in the "Sugar Honey Ice & Tea" song. It means as some action to provoke or E- Link Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) p-ISSN: 2085-1383e-ISSN: 2621-4156 doing something that against the rules but in a good way. Another word that classifies as dead metaphor are muscle.
The other kinds of metaphor that could be found is a cliché metaphor. It can be seen it in these following lines "cause it's got my head running 24/7" and "his pants are on fire". The line running 24/7 surely has a metaphorical meaning. When we try to understanding it literally, it means a physical activity. But when we try fully understanding the whole sentence, the meaning will be different. "Running" here means that when something or someone keeps bugging them every single day a whole week. While on the other hand, the word "fire" is connotatively mean as rage or madness. Giving those statements it is safe to say that the meaning of the whole sentence is to provoke someone to the point they'll end up exploded or lose control

Intended Meaning in Sugar Honey Ice & Tea Song
Before analyze the meaning behind of the song, lets pay attention to the title of this song. The term is "Sugar Honey The first two terms are categorized as dead and cliché metaphor, on the other hand the terms sugar honey ice and tea is categorized as recent metaphor. Oliver stated that he is done with everything, with everyone. He also states that it is not his responsible as to why is everyone being such a jerk towards him. It is such a brilliant idea behind the story of this song.
With the title named after foods, that is "Sugar Honey Ice & Tea" but this song is sounds and does have a darker meaning than the two previous songs.
Oliver Sykes tells that this song is about the social issues he has dealt with his closest people, in his case are his friends, colleagues and his dealing with the problems by himself. He wants to tells people around the world or his fans in particular, to not bothering keeping up with someone toxicity. It is not your fault if someone once you called bestfriend and now it is not anymore because something bad happened between you too. In this song, he had said that he is trying to cope with his situation although he knew he could not make it better. It is not your fault if you tired of trying to be the better person and try to keep the remaining hope that you E- Link Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2021) p-ISSN: 2085-1383e-ISSN: 2621-4156 too will be in a good terms again. If it is feel like you have enough time with their dirty way towards ourselves, then it is okay to let the anger out and express to them.

CONCLUSION
Based on the findings presented in the chapter IV, the writer finally comes with some conclusions as follows: The writer found six types of metaphors by Newmark (1988)