MORPHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF AFFIXES IN IMAGINE DRAGONS LYRICS

This study was implemented to analyze the form of affixes’ changes in three Imagine Dragons songs as a study source for intermediate English students. This study applied qualitative corpus analysis initially the data results are presented in tabular form. Indeed, presented a detailed description of the data found. This research used document analysis to collect data where documents were taken from electronic form specifically at the website address lirikterjemahan.id. The results of this study show 39 words that have an affixation process in three songs, 35 (89,7%) inflectional affixes, and 4 (10,3%) derivational affixes were found. First, inflectional affixes do not change the part of speech but change the grammatical function belonging to the suffix –s as plural, -es as plural, -‘s as possessive, -ing as progressive (continuous), and -ed as past. Second, derivational affixes that can change the part of speech belonging to noun suffixes change the word to a noun in the suffix –ness, -dom, -er, and adjective suffixes change the word to an adjective in the suffix -less.


INTRODUCTION
English words are formed from a combination of morphemes in a certain way.In mastering English, the word takes part in a morphological investigation where each item can be expanded.Morphology studies the process of word formation and word structure which can become new words and new meanings.Rugaiyah (2018) detailed that morphology is the study of the process of combining morphemes based on certain rules to form a word.In particular, morphological knowledge plays a significant role in developing students' writing and oral.McCutchen & Stull, 2015) said that morphological knowledge apart from being an assistant in developing students' writing also intelligence in analyzing words and understanding the process of applying morphology rules in making sentences.In the same way, morphological awareness also makes students' word recognition more authentic and competent (Kotzer et al., 2021).
It can be used by students as a foundation for understanding language.Additionally, morphological awareness in English learners is useful for avoiding misunderstandings when communicating.
A morpheme is defined as a unit that has its meaning which is incorporated in a single unit to form a word.It means that a morpheme is a self-sufficient unit (Hamka, 2014).In word can be broken down according to its function into several units, each of which has its meaning.For example, the word "askings" contains three morphemes namely ask-ing-s.In this case, "ask, ing, s" are called morphemes.Rowe and Levine (2016) mention that the morpheme itself is restricted into two categories.First, a free morpheme is a grammatical unit with a position as an autonomous word (Lieber, 2009).
Secondly, a collection of words that are joined by free morphemes like /-s/, /-ly/, /-im/, and /un-/ be named as bound morpheme (Khan et al., 2016).Structurally, affixes are one type of bound morpheme which makes a word formation activity with free morpheme.Sasao & Webb (2017) state that affixes accord with the formation of words between bound morpheme and free morpheme that occurs in unison.Principled on their position, the types of affixes in English are categorized into three types including prefixes (at the beginning), infixes (in the middle), and suffixes (at the end).Established on the function, the function of affixes can be specified with derivational and inflectional affixes (Handoko, 2019).English learners need to know about the analysis of the form of word changes that can change the meaning of words and word formation by getting affixes at the beginning and the end ( Widyaiswara et al., 2022).
According to Nordquist (2019a) states that inflectional morphemes are a collection of letters (affixes) that are inserted into a word either a verb, a noun, an In the recent era, often hear various kinds of songs on our daily life, such as folk songs, pop songs, and English songs are no exception.English songs with wide presence can be found on YouTube, in films, or advertisements (Inatigris, 2018).Bach Vinyets (2013) defines a song as a piece of music that contains lyrics in it.Wijay (2013) added that song lyrics are abstract, basically incomprehensible, and have several things to pay attention to in terms of articulation, meter, and expression.For instance, besides being able to be enjoyed as entertainment, songs can also be studied in reduced linguistic terms in the form of the word analysis.A song can be analyzed in terms of derivation or inflection as long as the lyrics contain some words that contain affixation.
One of the issues that exist in foreign language learners is how the vocabulary can be memorized.It is imperative to put forward an effective strategy to make students' vocabulary intelligence abilities more efficient (Ghalebi et al., 2021).
According to Mudzielwana (2016), vocabulary learning strategy is one elemental factor in determining the success of achieving goals in the academic sector.Similarly, several studies in Neuroscience formulate the profits of musicology as a strong motivation for remembering (Governor, 2013) Based on the explanation above, this research has two research objectives, 1) Identifying the kind of affixes found in the lyrics of the Imagine Dragons songs.2) Describing the form of affixes' changes in Imagine Dragons lyrics.

Research Design
To assist this study, the researcher applied qualitative corpus analysis to identify data in three song lyrics.Using qualitative corpus analysis means methodology as analysis of linguistic development in depth for which data sources are digitally accessible (Hasko, 2020).This study uses documents from the song collection Imagine From the results that the researcher found from the song Bad Liar-Imagine Dragons.The researcher found 11 inflectional affixes and 2 derivational affixes.11 words that belong to the inflectional affixes, noun suffixes: terror-terrors (-s plural), victim-victims (-s plural), fear-fears (-s plural), tear-tears (-s plural), eye-eyes (-s plural), seam-seams (-s plural), dream-dreams (-s plural), problem-problems (-s plural), enemy-enemy's (-'s possessive); verb suffixes: tear-tearing (-ing progressive), askasking (-ing progressive).2 words that belong to the derivational affixes, adjective suffix: love (noun) -loveless (adjective); noun suffix: happy (adjective)happiness (noun).In total 13 words go through the affixation process.
-er and -s -ing

IS -NS IS -VS -s plural -ing progressive
From the results of the investigation that the researcher conducted on the song.

Discussion
This study has two types of affixes applied in three song lyrics (bad Liar, Demons, Radioactive) from Imagine Dragons.Principled on the presentation data table above, the types of affixes are derivational and inflectional affixes.The types of inflectional affixes found are 1) Noun suffixes have an explanation as -s plural, -es plural, and -'s possessive.The researcher presents several sample data to be discussed as follows:

Data 1 Eyes
Eye (root word) -s (suffix) From the data above, eyes consist of eye as a noun and -s as a suffix becomes eyes keep as a noun.This doesn't change the part of speech, but the addition -s makes the number of nouns meaningful more than one.Thus, the word formation is in the inflectional affixes.
adjective, or an adverb to determine the grammatical form of that word in the form of tense, number, possession, or comparison.Unlike derivational, inflectional affixes cannot change the word classes of the word.It means only expressing the grammatical function of the word (Stageberg, 2018).Inflectional affixes only consist of inflectional suffixes.According to Fitria (2020), among the kinds of inflectional morphemes in the form of suffixes: 1) Nouns such as -'s which states possessive, and -es which represents plural.2) Verb such as -(e)d which show past tense; -ing which states E-Link Journal, Vol. 10, No.02, December 2023 P-ISSN:2085-1383; E-ISSN: 2621-4156 English Education Department, Universitas Islam Lamongan 103 present participle; -en which indicates past participle; and -s refers to the third person singular.3) Adjectives such as -er to show comparative; and -est to represent superlative.
. The song lyrics are rich in vocabulary and can be analyzed from a morphological point of view.With this in mind, students can use this strategy to improve their vocabulary skills.Bach Vinyets (2013) also emphasized that songs are the best resource in studying English, especially vocabulary because they are unchallenging to recall and unchallenging to study.Thereupon, the song titles that will be studied include Bad Liar, Demons, Radioactive where the song includes a song from Imagine Dragons.In previous studies, other researchers conducted research, some of which are entitled "A Morphological Analysis of Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes" written by authors Tri Indah Rezeki and Rakhmat Wahyudin Sagala 2019 where the study focus on identifying the use of derivational and inflectional morphemes in the song lyric A Thousand Years by Christina Perri.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method.Another study entitled "Morphological Structure in Jason Mraz's Songs" by Inatigris Anggriani Harahap 2021 where the focus of this study is to investigate the Morphological structure in Jason Marz's songs.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method and the technique used by researchers in collecting data is observing five songs of the song of Jason Mar'z on the internet directly.The research entitled "An Analysis on The Use of Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes in English Song Lyrics on Maher Zain's 'Forgive Me' Album" by the author Yuli Purwanti 2020.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method.This study is to analyze the form of derivational and inflectional morphemes on the song lyric of Maher Zain's 'Forgive Me' album.It is necessary to be emphasized that this research focuses on Affixes (Derivational and Inflectional Affixes) which analyzes the form of changes in several words containing affixations in three (3) English song lyrics that are performed by the singer Imagine Dragons.Furthermore, this research can be used as a study source of Intermediate English students as the level of students who are involved in affixes material.
2) Verb suffixes with information as -ing progressive, and -ed past.That all included inflectional affixes due to only changes in the grammatical function of new words.The types of derivational affixes found are 1) Noun suffixes get affixed after the root word and change another word class into a noun in the new word.This happens in the word kingdom (change from noun to noun), sinner (change from noun to noun), and happiness (change the adjective to noun).2) Adjective suffixes, get affixed after the root word, and changes another word classes into an adjective in the new word.This happens in the word loveless (change from noun to adjective).