Comparative Efficiency of KOH-Activated Rice Husk Carbon in Adsorbing Pollutants from Laundry and Tofu Wastewater

Daning Kinanti Sutama; Dwi Indah Lestari; Erina Endah Kusuma Wardani; Shaddiqah Munawaroh Fauziah; Aulia Firda Alfiana

doi:10.30736/seaj.v7i2.1254

Authors

Daning Kinanti Sutama Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Pasuruan
Dwi Indah Lestari Department of Industrial Chemical Technology, Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya, Palembang
Erina Endah Kusuma Wardani Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Pasuruan
Shaddiqah Munawaroh Fauziah Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama, Pasuruan
Aulia Firda Alfiana Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri State Islamic University of Purwokerto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30736/seaj.v7i2.1254

Keywords:

Wastewater treatment, Langmuir isotherm, Adsorption, Carbonization, Chemical activation

Abstract

This study aims to compare the adsorption capacity of rice husk-based activated carbon in overcoming pollution from two types of liquid waste, namely laundry waste and tofu liquid waste. The raw material of rice husk is processed through a carbonization process and chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH), then used in a batch adsorption test. The parameters analyzed include Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The results show that the adsorbent material produced is able to reduce pollutant levels significantly. COD and TDS are more effectively reduced in laundry waste because the organic content and surfactants are more easily adsorbed, while TSS experiences a greater decrease in tofu waste due to the high suspended solids content. The adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model with the regression values for both laundry and tofu wastewater of R²>0.9, which indicates the occurrence of monolayer adsorption on the surface.

This biosorbent has proven to be economical, environmentally friendly, and has the potential to be applied on a small scale, especially for household industries such as laundry businesses and tofu production. In addition to being relevant for local contexts, this approach can also be adopted globally in areas with high rice husk availability and similar waste management problems.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, M. J., Hameed, B. H., & Hummadi, E. H. (2021). Insight into the chemically modified crop straw adsorbents for the enhanced removal of water contaminants: A review. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 330, 115616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115616

Aichour, A., & Zaghouane-boudiaf, H. (2019). Highly brilliant green removal from wastewater by mesoporous adsorbents : Kinetics , thermodynamics and equilibrium isotherm studies. Microchemical Journal, 146(December 2018), 1255–1262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.040

Andika, B., Wahyuningsih, P., & Fajri, R. (2020). Penentuan Nilai BOD dan COD Sebagai Parameter Pencemaran Air dan Baku Mutu Air Limbah di Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan. Quimica: Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Terapan, 2(1), 14–22. https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/JQ

Badan Standar Nasional. (2019). SNI 06-6989-3-2019 tentang Cara Uji Padatan Tersuspensi Total (Total Suspended Solid) Secara Gravimetri.

Badan Standar Nasional. (2004). SNI 06-6989-27-2019 tentang Cara Uji Padatan Terlarut Total (Total Dissolved Solid) Secara Gravimetri.

Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2009). Air dan air limbah – Bagian 73: Cara uji kebutuhan oksigen kimia (COD) secara tertutup. SNI 6989.73:2009. Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Beyan, S. M., Prabhu, S. V., Sissay, T. T., & Getahun, A. A. (2021). Sugarcane bagasse based activated carbon preparation and its adsorption efficacy on removal of BOD and COD from textile effluents: RSM based modeling, optimization and kinetic aspects. Bioresource Technology Reports, 14(November 2020), 100664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100664

Dewi, N. M., Maelan, N. M., Andini, S., & Perdani, M. S. (2024). Pembuatan Hidrogel Berbasis Carboxymethyl Cellulose ( CMC ) dan Pektin sebagai Adsorben Logam Cu dengan Metode Freeze-Thaw Preparation of a Carboxymethyl Cellulose ( CMC ) and Pektin-Based Hydrogel As an Adsorbent of Cu ( II ) Using the Freeze-Thaw Method. 6(2), 112–119.

Erawati, E., & Fernando, A. (2018). Pengaruh Jenis Aktivator Dan Ukuran Karbon Aktif Terhadap Pembuatan Adsorbent Dari Serbik Gergaji Kayu Sengon (Paraserianthes Falcataria). Jurnal Integrasi Proses, 7(2), 58. https://doi.org/10.36055/jip.v7i2.3808

Fakoya, T. O., Oyekunle, J. A. O., Adekunle, A. S., Oyinloye, A. J., & Ejidike, I. P. (2024). Removal of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers from wastewater using activated carbon from Musa paradisiaca peel: Adsorption isotherms, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis, 15(August), 100140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctta.2024.100140

Fisma, I. Y., & Bhernama, B. G. (2022). Analisis Air Limbah Yang Masuk Pada Waste Water Treatment Plant (Wwtp). Amina, 2(2), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.22373/amina.v2i2.496

Gonçalves, S. P. C., Strauss, M., Delite, F. S., Clemente, Z., Castro, V. L., & Martinez, D. S. T. (2015). Activated carbon from pyrolysed sugarcane bagasse: Silver nanoparticle modification and ecotoxicity assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 565, 833–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.041

Harmiwati, N. H., Yahya, A. K., Luthfi, M. Z., Nurmalasari, E., Permadani, R. L., Aini, A. P., & Rahayu, P. (2024). Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Teknologi Ultrafiltrasi Dengan Sistem Monitoring Berbasis Internet of Things. Journal of Industrial Community Empowerment, 3(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.52759/jice.v3i1.253

Indah, D. R. (2020). Adsorpsi Logam Tembaga (Cu) Pada Karbon Baggase Teraktivasi Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH). Jurnal Ilmiah IKIP Mataram, 7(1), 12–26.

Jiyah, B.Sudarsono, A. S. (2017). Jurnal Geodesi Undip Januari2017. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 6, 41–47.

Khairuddin, Ruslan, R., Tahili, M. R. A. M., Puspitasari, D. J., Indriani, Sosidi, H., Prismawiryanti, & Mirzan, M. (2022). Penurunan Kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Arang Aktif dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.). KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia, 8(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15966

Kusniawati, E., Sari, D., & Mareska, P. (2023). PEMANFAATAN SEKAM PADI SEBAGAI KARBON AKTIF UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR pH, TURBIDITY, TSS, DAN TDS. 2(10), 4183–4198.

Lacalamita, D., Mongioví, C., & Crini, G. (2023). Chemical substances present in discharge water generated by laundry industry: Analytical monitoring. Water Science and Engineering, 16(4), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2023.07.004

Lestari, D. I., Yuliansyah, A. T., & Budiman, A. (2022). Adsorption studies of KOH-modified hydrochar derived from sugarcane bagasse for dye removal: Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic study. Communications in Science and Technology, 7(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.21924/cst.7.1.2022.669

Li, H., Liu, L., Cui, J., Cui, J., Wang, F., & Zhang, F. (2020). High-efficiency adsorption and regeneration of methylene blue and aniline onto activated carbon from waste edible fungus residue and its possible mechanism. RSC Advances, 10(24), 14262–14273. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01245a

Luna, P., Hoerudin, Usmiati, S., & Sunarmani. (2020). Teknologi Pembuatan Adsorben Dari Limbah Ekstraksi Biosilika Sekam Padi. Pasundan Food Technology Journal, 7(3), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.23969/pftj.v7i3.3001

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/134388/permen-lh-no-5-tahun-2014

Mefiana, R. M. (2021). Uji Efektivitas Karbon Aktif dan Abu Sekam Padi dalam Menurunkan Kadar BOD dan COD Limbah Cair Laundry. Jurnal Kartika Kimia, 4(2), 83–88. https://doi.org/10.26874/jkk.v4i2.87

Ningsih, L. M., Mazancová, J., Hasanudin, U., & Roubík, H. (2024). Energy audits in the tofu industry; an evaluation of energy consumption towards a green and sustainable industry. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05109-z

Safitri, D. I., Hendrawati, N., & Ramadhana, R. (2024). PEMANFAATAN TONGKOL JAGUNG DALAM PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DENGAN AKTIVATOR NaOH DAN Na2CO3. DISTILAT: Jurnal Teknologi Separasi, 10(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.33795/distilat.v10i1.4939

Sailah, I., Mulyaningsih, F., Ismayana, A., Puspaningrum, T., Adnan, A. A., & Indrasti, N. S. (2020). Kinerja Karbon Aktif Dari Kulit Singkong Dalam Menurunkan Konsentrasi Fosfat Pada Air Limbah Laundry. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 30(2), 180–189. https://doi.org/10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2020.30.2.180

Sho'idah, Y., Septaria, K., & Wulandari, S. A. (2025). Analysis of Student Scientific Communication Based on The Development and Use of Diorama Media Using The Guided Inquiry Model. Reforma: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 15(1), 24-47.

Hendratmoko, A. F., Puspitarini, S., Budiyanto, M., Rahman, N., Septaria, K., & Marpuah, S. (2025). Think-Aloud Protocol as a Method for Exploring and Understanding the Argumentation Skills of Pre-Service Science Teachers. Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 13(2), 268-282.

Septaria, K., Fatharani, A., Dewanti, B. A., & Najawa, W. C. (2024). Designing Pirposal-learning based Module integrated with Socio-Scientific Issue to Enhance Students’ Scientific Reasoning Skill. Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Science Education, 5(2), 122-134.

Septaria, K., Nissak, K., & Wulandari, S. A. (2023). Student Identity and Guided Inquiry Learning in Junior High School Students: A Correlation Analysis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9(10), 8351-8358.

Septaria, K., Dewanti, B. A., & El Afidah, M. I. (2020). Development of module disaster mitigation based on STEM for secondary schools. JPPIPA (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA), 5(2), 61-68.

Septaria, K. (2019). Mengeksplorasi Argumentasi dan Pengetahuan Pendidik Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) tentang Pemanasan Global. PEDAGOGIA: Jurnal Pendidikan, 8(2), 247-256.

Septaria, K., & Fatharani, A. (2022). Analisis Penggunaan Software PlantNet Terhadap Pemerolehan Konsep Dan Keterampilan Prosedural Siswa. Indonesian Journal of Educational Science (IJES), 5(1), 73-83.

Septaria, K., Dewanti, B. A., & Habibbulloh, M. (2019). Implementasi metode pembelajaran spot capturing pada materi pemanasan global untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains. Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 7(1), 27-37.

Septaria, K., & Fatharani, A. (2022). Manga versus webtoon: Alternative science learning module based on Dr Stone. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 8(1), 11-22.

Septaria, K., & Haque, E. H. (2022). Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Covid-19 Menggunakan Media Poster. TAAWUN, 2(02), 115-124.

Septaria, K., Sholihin, M., Kholiq, A., Hayati, E., & Maulana, V. I. P. (2022). Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidik dan Pembelajaran Menuju Madrasah yang Ungggul dan Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Berdaya Mandiri, 4(2), 167-181.

Sutama, K., Alfiana, A. F., Rizkita, N., Lestari, D. I., Nahdlatul, U., & Negeri, P. (2025). Adsorption of Tofu Liquid Waste Using Rice Husk Activated Carbon. 7(1), 94–107.

Sutama, D.K., & Megantara, D. (2018). Penyisihan Ion Sulfat Menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Jerami Padi dengan Aktivasi ZnCl2. Sarjana thesis, Universitas Brawijaya. https://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/11656/

Wang, J., Lei, S., & Liang, L. (2020). Applied Surface Science Preparation of porous activated carbon from semi-coke by high temperature activation with KOH for the high-e ffi ciency adsorption of aqueous tetracycline. Applied Surface Science, 530(June), 147187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147187

Wibowo, R., Mualiq, I., Studi, P., Mesin, T., & Kudus, U. (2017). Optimasi Proses Pirolisis Pada Pembuatan Briket. Jurnal Seminar Nasional Publikasi Hasil-Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, September, 315–318.